How a matter moves
Not knowing what happens next is most of the fear. Here is the shape of it, in order, in plain words.
A criminal matter
Arraignment
The first appearance. The charge is read, counsel is assigned or appears, and the question of release is decided. It is usually short and it usually decides more than it appears to.
Discovery
The prosecution turns over its material. In New York this is on a statutory clock, and what does or does not arrive on time can matter to the case.
Motions
Written applications to the court, which can seek to suppress evidence or statements, or to dismiss a count.
Negotiation
Most matters resolve here. A resolution is only worth taking when you understand what it costs you afterwards, including a license, a job, housing, or immigration status.
Hearing or trial
If the matter does not resolve, it is heard. The burden stays with the prosecution throughout.
Sentence or disposition
What the record shows afterwards, and what can be done about it later, is part of the decision, not an afterthought.
The day you go to court
Take this with you
This section is laid out to print or save on its own. Use the print command and everything else on the page drops away.
Arrive early
Allow time for the security line and for finding the right part. Being late for a court appearance is treated as a failure to appear.
Bring your paperwork
Every document you were given, plus a written list of the dates involved and any questions you want answered.
Dress as you would for a job interview
It is not about impressing anyone. It is about not giving anyone a reason to look at you twice.
Leave what you cannot carry in
Most courthouses will not admit a pocket knife, and many restrict phones. Check before you leave the house.
Bring someone if you can
Not into the courtroom necessarily, but the drive home after a hard appearance is easier with company.
Say only what you are asked
Answer the question in front of you. If you do not know, say you do not know. If you have counsel, let counsel speak.